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Glossaire des sciences du sport
acclimatation (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Páez, V., Lozano, S., Calfil, D., Andrade, D. C., & Rodriguez‐Fernandez, M. (2026). Physiological responses to short‐term high‐altitude acclimatization: Insights from predictive modeling approaches. Physiological Reports, 14(1), e70711. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70711
Périard, J. D., Racinais, S., & Sawka, M. N. (2015). Adaptations and mechanisms of human heat acclimation: Applications for competitive athletes and sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25(Suppl. 1), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12408
acclimatation à la chaleur (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Daanen, H. A. M., Racinais, S., & Périard, J. D. (2018). Heat acclimation decay and re-induction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 48(2), 409–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0808-x
Tyler, C. J., Reeve, T., Hodges, G. J., & Cheung, S. S. (2016). The effects of heat adaptation on physiology, perception and exercise performance in the heat: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(11), 1699–1724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0538-5
Xu, Y., Gong, Y., Zhong, J., & Gao, B. (2026). TRPV1 activation by active heat acclimation drives skeletal muscle mitochondrial turnover. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 246, 368–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.01.015
acide lactique (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Brooks, G. A. (2018). The science and translation of lactate shuttle theory. Cell Metabolism, 27(4), 757–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.008
Cairns, S. P., & Lindinger, M. I. (2025). Lactic acidosis: Implications for human exercise performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 125, 1761–1795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05750-0
Cazorla, G., Léger, L., Petibois, C., & Bosquet, L. (2001). Lactate et exercice : mythes et réalités. Staps, 54(1), 63–76. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-staps-2001-1-page-63?lang=fr
Péronnet, F. (2013). Signification de la concentration de lactate plasmatique au cours de l’exercice. Movement & Sport Sciences, 79(1), 23–32. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-movement-and-sport-sciences-2013-1-page-23?lang=fr
acidose (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Aguilaniu, B., & Wallaert, B. (2015). EFX : De l’interprétation à la décision médicale. Éditions Margaux Orange. https://bibliotheque-patients.iucpq.qc.ca/notice?id=p::usmarcdef_0000018066
Cairns, S. P. (2006). Lactic acid and exercise performance: Culprit or friend? Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.-Z.), 36(4), 279–291. https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200636040-00001
Cairns, S. P., & Lindinger, M. I. (2025). Lactic acidosis: Implications for human exercise performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 125, 1761–1795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05750-0
Péronnet, F., & Aguilaniu, B. (2014). Signification physiologique et interprétation clinique de la lactatémie et du pH au cours de l’EFX incrémentale. Revue des maladies respiratoires, 31(6), 525–551.
Robergs, R. A., Ghiasvand, F., & Parker, D. (2004). Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 314(3), R502–R515. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15308499/
action musculaire (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Douglas, J., Pearson, S., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. (2017). Eccentric exercise: Physiological characteristics and acute responses. Sports Medicine, 47(4), 663–675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0624-8
Enoka, R. M. (2025). Neuromechanics of human movement (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/neuromechanics-of-human-movement-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOopCF0_zJpMol3sLnzVVFNzhB_JLAIQIz1PzPhwliaCU65ZjMSIp#tab-description
Enoka, R. M., & Duchateau, J. (2017). Rate coding and the control of muscle force. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 7(10), a029702. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a029702
Green, L. A., & Gabriel, D. A. (2018). The cross education of strength and skill following unilateral strength training in the upper and lower limbs. Journal of Neurophysiology, 120(2), 468–479. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jn.00116.2018
Lum, D., & Barbosa, T. M. (2019). Brief review: Effects of isometric strength training on strength and dynamic performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(6), 363–375. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0863-4539
affûtage (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Aubry, A., Hausswirth, C., Louis, J., Coutts, A. J., & Le Meur, Y. (2014). Functional overreaching: The key to peak performance during the taper? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(9), 1769–1777. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000301
Bosquet, L., Montpetit, J., Arvisais, D., & Mujika, I. (2007). Effects of tapering on performance: A meta-analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(8), 1358–1365. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31806010e0
Mujika, I. (2010). Intense training: The key to optimal performance before and during the taper. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(s2), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01189.x
Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2003). Scientific bases for precompetition tapering strategies. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(7), 1182–1187. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000074448.73931.11
amotivation (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Alkasasbeh, W. J., & Akroush, S. H. (2025). Sports motivation: A narrative review of psychological approaches to enhance athletic performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(1645274). www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1645274/full
Pelletier, L. G., Rocchi, M. A., Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Validation of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.12.002
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
apprentissage moteur (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Fitts, P. M., & Posner, M. I. (1967). Human performance. Brooks/Cole Pub. Co. https://ia801502.us.archive.org/8/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.461945/2015.461945.Human-Performance_text.pdf
Krakauer, J. W., Hadjiosif, A. M., Xu, J., Wong, A. L., & Haith, A. M. (2019). Motor learning. Comprehensive Physiology, 9(2), 613–663. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c170043
Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2025). Motor learning and performance: From principles to application (7ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=_IVIEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=motor+learning&ots=xso3Xgom-S&sig=pfTwMvB5bZZdLafnrTPNpnZGIVA#v=onepage&q=motor%20learning&f=false
aptitude aérobie (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bassett, D. R., Jr, & Howley, E. T. (2000). Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200001000-00012
Joyner, M. J., & Coyle, E. F. (2007). Endurance exercise performance: The physiology of champions. Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 35–44. 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834
Poole, D. C., Wilkerson, D. P., & Jones, A. M. (2008). Validity of criteria for establishing maximal oxygen uptake during ramp exercise tests. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 102(4), 403–410. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-007-0596-3
aptitude cardiorespiratoire (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Mazaheri, R., Schmied, C., Niederseer, D., & Guazzi, M. (2021). Cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters in athletic population: A review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5073. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215073
Squeo, M., Ferrera, A., Monosilio, S., Spinelli, A., Maestrini, V., Mango, F., Serdoz, A., Zampaglione, D., Fiore, R., Pelliccia, A., & Di Gioia, G. (2025). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in elite athletes: Rethinking sports classification. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(13), 4655. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134655
auto-efficacité (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control (Vol. 11). Freeman. https://fr.scribd.com/document/392014248/Self-efficacy-The-Exercise-of-Control-1997
Lochbaum, M., Sisneros, C., Cooper, S., & Terry, P. C. (2023). Pre-event self-efficacy and sports performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports, 11(11), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11110222
Moritz, S. E., Feltz, D. L., Fahrbach, K. R., & Mack, D. E. (2000). The relation of self-efficacy measures to sport performance: A meta-analytic review. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71(3), 280–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2000.10608908
Rhodes, R. E., & Brennan, C. (2026). Closing the gap between physical activity intentions and sustained behavior: An overview of evidence. Exercise, Sport, and Movement, 4(1), e00059. https://doi.org/10.1249/ESM.0000000000000059
biomécanique du sport (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Knudson, D. (2021). Fundamentals of biomechanics (3ᵉ éd.). Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-51838-7
Zatsiorsky, V. M., & Prilutsky, B. I. (2012). Biomechanics of skeletal muscles. Human Kinetics. https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Lu96DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT9&dq=Zatsiorsky,+V.+M.,+%26+Prilutsky,+B.+I.+(2012).+Biomechanics+of+skeletal+muscles.+Human+Kinetics.&ots=rHOVzA9kyY&sig=kmROOK_6I4YauWdRfshjrti_r9c#v=onepage&q=Zatsiorsky%2C%20V.%20M.%2C%20%26%20Prilutsky%2C%20B.%20I.%20(2012).%20Biomechanics%20of%20skeletal%20muscles.%20Human%20Kinetics.&f=false
capacité anaérobie (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Briand, J., di Prampero, P. E., Osgnach, C., Thibault, G., & Tremblay, J. (2025). Quantifying metabolic energy contributions in sprint running: A novel bioenergetic model. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 125(12), 3521–3541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05831-0
Gastin, P. B. (2001). Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise. Sports Medicine, 31(10), 725–741. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131100-00003
Péronnet, F., & Thibault, G. (1989). Mathematical analysis of running performance and world running records. Journal of Applied Physiology, 67(1), 453–465. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.1.453
centrale inertielle (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Camomilla, V., Bergamini, E., Fantozzi, S., & Vannozzi, G. (2018). Trends supporting the in-field use of wearable inertial sensors for sport performance evaluation: A systematic review. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 18(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030873
Ghattas, J., & Jarvis, D. N. (2024). Validity of inertial measurement units for tracking human motion: A systematic review. Sports Biomechanics, 23(11), 1853–1866. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2021.1990383
Picerno, P. (2017). 25 years of lower limb joint kinematics by using inertial and magnetic sensors: A review of methodological approaches. Gait & Posture, 51, 239–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.11.008
charge d’entraînement (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., Gabbett, T. J., Coutts, A. J., Burgess, D. J., Gregson, W., & Cable, N. T. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: Consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(Suppl. 2), S2161–S2170. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/12/s2/article-pS2-161.xml
Foster, C., Florhaug, J. A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L. A., Parker, S., Doleshal, P., & Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 109–115. www.paulogentil.com/pdf/A%20New%20Approach%20to%20Monitoring%20Exercise%20Training.pdf
Impellizzeri, F. M., Marcora, S. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2019). Internal and external training load: 15 years on. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(2), 270–273. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0935
Passfield, L., Murias, J. M., Sacchetti, M., & Nicolò, A. (2022). Validity of the training-load concept. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(4), 507–514. www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Validity-of-the-Training-Load-Concept.-Passfield-Murias/a44f79e3cf9731395132d3674defdc577e5da3be
compétence motrice (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Barnett, L. M., Stodden, D., Cohen, K. E., Smith, J. J., Lubans, D. R., Lenoir, M., Iivonen, S., Miller, A. D., Laukkanen, A., Dudley, D., Lander, N. J., Brown, H., Morgan, P. J., & Salmon, J. (2016). Fundamental movement skills: An important focus. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 35(3), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2014-0209
Barnett, L. M., Webster, E. K., Hulteen, R. M., De Meester, A., Valentini, N. C., Lenoir, M., Pesce, C., Getchell, N., Lopes, V. P., Robinson, L. E., Brian, A., & Rodrigues, L. P. (2022). Through the looking glass: A systematic review of longitudinal evidence, providing new insight for motor competence and health. Sports Medicine, 52(4), 875–920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01516-8
Dudley, D. A. (2015). A conceptual model of observed physical literacy. The Physical Educator, 72(5), 236–260. https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2015-V72-I5-6020
Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J., Langendorfer, S., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
Whitehead, M. (dir.). (2010). Physical literacy: Throughout the lifecourse. Routledge. www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203881903/physical-literacy-margaret-whitehead
composition corporelle (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Ackland, T. R., Lohman, T. G., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Maughan, R. J., Meyer, N. L., Stewart, A. D., & Müller, W. (2012). Current status of body composition assessment in sport: Review and position statement on behalf of the IOC Medical Commission Working Group on Body Composition Health and Performance. Sports Medicine, 42(3), 227–249. https://doi.org/10.2165/11597140-000000000-00000
Heymsfield, S. B. (2025). Advances in body composition: A 100-year journey. International Journal of Obesity, 49(2), 177–181. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01511-9
Heymsfield, S. B., & Wadden, T. A. (2017). Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(3), 254–266. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1514009
Kyle, U. G., Bosaeus, I., De Lorenzo, A. D., Deurenberg, P., Elia, M., Gómez, J. M., Heitmann, B. L., Kent-Smith, L., Melchior, J. C., Pirlich, M., Scharfetter, H., Schols, A. M. W. J., & Pichard, C. (2004). Bioelectrical impedance analysis—Part I: Review of principles and methods. Clinical Nutrition, 23(5), 1226–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2004.06.004
Thomas, D. M., Crofford, I., Scudder, J., Oletti, B., Deb, A., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2025). Updates on methods for body composition analysis: Implications for clinical practice. Current Obesity Reports, 14(1), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-024-00593-w
concentration (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Moran, A. (2016). The psychology of concentration in sport performers: A cognitive analysis. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315784946
Wilson, M. R., Vine, S. J., & Wood, G. (2009). The influence of anxiety on visual attentional control in basketball free throw shooting. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(2), 152–168. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.2.152
consommation maximale d’oxygène (V̇O₂max) (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bassett, D. R., Jr, & Howley, E. T. (2000). Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200001000-00012
Levine, B. D. (2008). V̇O₂max: What do we know, and what do we still need to know? The Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 25–34. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006574/
Poole, D. C., & Jones, A. M. (2017). Measurement of the maximum oxygen uptake V̇O₂max: V̇O₂peak is no longer acceptable. Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(4), 997–1002. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01063.2016
Poole, D. C., Wilkerson, D. P., & Jones, A. M. (2008). Validity of criteria for establishing maximal oxygen uptake during ramp exercise tests. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 102(4), 403–410. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-007-0596-3
Santisteban, K. J., Lovering, A. T., Halliwill, J. R., & Minson, C. T. (2022). Sex differences in V̇O₂max and the impact on endurance-exercise performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), Article 4946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094946
contrôle moteur (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Franklin, D. W., & Wolpert, D. M. (2011). Computational mechanisms of sensorimotor control. Neuron, 72(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.006
Latash, M. L. (2013). Fundamentals of motor control. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-0-05693-4
Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2020). Motor learning and performance: From principles to application (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/motor-learning-and-performance-6th-edition-with-web-study-guide-loose-leaf-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorhsaoMXp1f4jASX6bXAWZLKn9IgsHe5gNxWuxJUt4UGL6PCW5B
Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. H. (2023). Motor control: Translating research into clinical practice (6ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. https://shop.lww.com/Motor-Control/p/9781975209568?srsltid=AfmBOorGywBhxDyV0KeEJyQTFynVkkuPiKWF9EOlhF43xMWRgpu9MvEh
coordination (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Davids, K., Glazier, P., Araujo, D., & Bartlett, R. (2003). Movement systems as dynamical systems: The functional role of variability and its implications for sports medicine. Sports Medicine, 33(4), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333040-00001
Iorga, A., Jianu, A., Gheorghiu, M., Crețu, B. D., & Eremia, I. A. (2023). Motor coordination and its importance in practicing performance movement. Sustainability, 15(7), Article 5812. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075812
Latash, M. L. (2010). Motor synergies and the equilibrium-point hypothesis. Motor Control, 14(3), 294–322. https://doi.org/10.1123/mcj.14.3.294
courbatures musculaires (n. f. pl.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Cheung, K., Hume, P., & Maxwell, L. (2003). Delayed onset muscle soreness: Treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Medicine, 33(2), 145–164. https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200333020-00005
Howatson, G., & van Someren, K. A. (2008). The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports Medicine, 38(6), 483–503. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838060-00004
Hyldahl, R. D., & Hubal, M. J. (2014). Lengthening our perspective: Morphological, cellular, and molecular responses to eccentric exercise. Muscle & Nerve, 49(2), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.24077
Owens, D. J., Twist, C., & Cobley, J. N. (2019). Exercise-induced muscle damage: What is it, what causes it and what are the nutritional solutions? European Journal of Sport Science, 19(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1505957
Paulsen, G., Crameri, R., Benestad, H. B., Fjeld, J. G., Mørkrid, L., Hallén, J., & Raastad, T. (2010). Time course of leukocyte accumulation in human muscle after eccentric exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(1), 75–85. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2010/01000/Time_Course_of_Leukocyte_Accumulation_in_Human.11.aspx
déficit énergétique relatif dans le sport (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Mountjoy, M., Ackerman, K. E., Bailey, D. M., Burke, L. M., Constantini, N., Hackney, A. C., Heikura, I. A., Melin, A., Pensgaard, A. M., Stellingwerff, T., Sundgot-Borgen, J. K., Torstveit, M. K., Jacobsen, A. U., Verhagen, E., Budgett, R., Engebretsen, L., & Erdener, U. (2023). 2023 International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 57(17), 1073–1097. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994
Stellingwerff, T., Heikura, I. A., Meeusen, R., Bermon, S., Seiler, S., Mountjoy, M. L., & Burke, L. M. (2021). Overtraining syndrome (OTS) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): Shared pathways, symptoms and complexities. Sports Medicine, 51(11), 2251–2280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01491-0
Stellingwerff, T., Mountjoy, M., McCluskey, W. T., Ackerman, K. E., Verhagen, E., & Heikura, I. A. (2023). Review of the scientific rationale, development and validation of the International Olympic Committee Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Clinical Assessment Tool: V. 2 (IOC REDs CAT2)—by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on REDs. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 57(17), 1109–1121. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-106914
degré de difficulté (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Davids, K., Button, C., & Bennett, S. (2008). Dynamics of skill acquisition: A constraints-led approach. Human Kinetics. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-04551-000
Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). (2022). Code of points – Women’s Artistic gymnastics. www.gymnastics.sport
Magill, R. A., & Anderson, D. I. (2017). Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications (11ᵉ éd.). McGraw-Hill. www.mheducation.com/highered/product/motor-learning-and-control-concepts-and-applications-magill.html?viewOption=student
Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2019). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://books.google.ca/books/about/Motor_Control_and_Learning.html?id=EvJ6DwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
degré de difficulté globale d’une séance (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Eston, R. (2012). Use of ratings of perceived exertion in sports. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(2), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.2.175
Foster, C. (1998). Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 30(7), 1164–1168. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199807000-00023
Foster, C., Boullosa, D., McGuigan, M., Fusco, A., Cortis, C., Arney, B. E., Orton, B., Dodge, C., Jaime, S., Radtke, K., van Erp, T., de Koning, J. J., Bok, D., Rodriguez-Marroyo, J. A., & Porcari, J. P. (2021). 25 years of session rating of perceived exertion: Historical perspective and development. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 16(5), 612–621. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0599
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densité de la charge d’entraînement (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Kassiano, W., Medeiros, A. I., de Vasconcelos Costa, B. D., Andrade, A. D., Moura Simim, M. A., de Sousa Fortes, L., Cyrino, E. S., & Assumpção, C. O. (2020). Does rest interval between sets affect resistance training volume, density, and rating of perceived exertion when adopting the crescent pyramid system in young women? The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 60(10), 1334–1341. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10612-1
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durabilité (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Jones, A. M. (2024). The fourth dimension: Physiological resilience as an independent determinant of endurance exercise performance. The Journal of physiology, 602(17), 4113–4128. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP284205
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effort physique (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Borg, G. A. V. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14(5), 377–381. https://europepmc.org/article/med/7154893
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électrolyte (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
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endurance aérobie (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bassett, D. R., Jr, & Howley, E. T. (2000). Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200001000-00012
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endurance musculaire (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
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entraînement avec restriction du flux sanguin (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Variantes régionales : France : entraînement en occlusion vasculaire; Québec : entraînement avec restriction du flux sanguin
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entraînement concurrent (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Berryman, N., Mujika, I., & Bosquet, L. (2019). Concurrent training for sports performance: The 2 sides of the medal. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(3), 279–285. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/14/3/article-p279.xml
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entraînement continu (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Foster, C., Farland, C. V., Guidotti, F., Harbin, M., Roberts, B., Schuette, J., Tuuri, A., Doberstein, S. T., & Porcari, J. P. (2015). The effects of high intensity interval training vs steady state training on aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 14(4), 747–755. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657417/
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entraînement en altitude (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Girard, O., Amann, M., Aughey, R., Billaut, F., Bishop, D. J., Bourdon, P., Buchheit, M., Chapman, R., D’Hooghe, M., Garvican-Lewis, L. A., Gore, C. J., Millet, G. P., Roach, G. D., Sargent, C., Saunders, P. U., Schmidt, W., & Schumacher, Y. O. (2013). Position statement—Altitude training for improving team-sport players’ performance: Current knowledge and unresolved issues. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, i8–i16. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-093109
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Ramchandani, R., Florica, I. T., Zhou, Z., Alemi, A., & Baranchuk, A. (2024). Review of athletic guidelines for high-altitude training and acclimatization. High Altitude Medicine & Biology, 25(2), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1089/ham.2023.0042
entraînement en ambiance chaude (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Nybo, L., Rønnestad, B., & Lundby, C. (2024). High or hot—perspectives on altitude camps and heat-acclimation training as preparation for prolonged stage races. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 34(1), e14268. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14268
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entraînement excessif (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Budgett, R. (1998). Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: The overtraining syndrome. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(2), 107–110. https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC1756078&blobtype=pdf
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entraînement mental (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., & Morgan, G. (2012). Mindfulness to enhance athletic performance: Theoretical considerations and possible impact mechanisms. Mindfulness, 3(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0109-2
Guillot, A., & Collet, C. (2010). The neurophysiological foundations of mental and motor imagery. Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-neurophysiological-foundations-of-mental-and-motor-imagery-9780199546251?cc=ca&lang=en&#
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entraînement par intervalles (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Briand, J., Tremblay, J., & Thibault, G. (2022). Can popular high-intensity interval training (HIIT) models lead to impossible training sessions? Sports, 10(1), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10010010
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Paquette, M., Le Blanc, O., Lucas, S. J. E., Thibault, G., Bailey, D. M., & Brassard, P. (2017). Effects of submaximal and supramaximal interval training on determinants of endurance performance in endurance athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(3), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12660
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Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
entraînement polarisé (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Neal, C. M., Hunter, A. M., Brennan, L., O’Sullivan, A., Hamilton, D. L., DeVito, G., & Galloway, S. D. (2013). Six weeks of a polarized training-intensity distribution leads to greater physiological and performance adaptations than a threshold model in trained cyclists. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(4), 461–471. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00652.2012
Seiler, K. S., & Kjerland, G. Ø. (2006). Quantifying training intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes: Is there evidence for an “optimal” distribution? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 16(1), 49–56. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00418.x
entraînement pyramidal (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Esteve-Lanao, J., San Juan, A. F., Earnest, C. P., Foster, C., & Lucia, A. (2005). How do endurance runners actually train? Relationship with competition performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(3), 496–504. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000155393.78744.86
Muñoz, I., Seiler, S., Bautista, J., España, J., Larumbe, E., & Esteve-Lanao, J. (2014). Does polarized training improve performance in recreational runners? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(2), 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0350
Neal, C. M., Hunter, A. M., Brennan, L., O’Sullivan, A., Hamilton, D. L., DeVito, G., & Galloway, S. D. (2013). Six weeks of a polarized training-intensity distribution leads to greater physiological and performance adaptations than a threshold model in trained cyclists. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(4), 461–471. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00652.2012
Stöggl, T., & Sperlich, B. (2015). The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 6, 295. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00295
épuisement (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Abbiss, C. R., & Laursen, P. B. (2005). Models to explain fatigue during prolonged endurance cycling. Sports Medicine, 35(10), 865–898. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535100-00004
Enoka, R. M., & Duchateau, J. (2016). Translating fatigue to human performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(11), 2228–2238. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000929
Gandevia, S. C. (2001). Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiological Reviews, 81(4), 1725–1789. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725
équipe de soutien intégré (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Variantes régionales : usage surtout institutionnalisé au Canada; rare en France, Belgique et Suisse et dans d’autres pays de la Francophonie
Clarke, H., Smith, D., & Thibault, G. (1994). Athlete-centred sport: A discussion paper. Federal/Provincial/Territorial Sport Policy Steering Committee. https://athletescan.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/athlete_centered_sport_-_discussion_paper.pdf
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Marier, A., Couture-Légaré, J., & Pilote, É. (2019). Développement du talent sportif : document de référence. Ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur. www.education.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/site_web/documents/publications/Developpement-du-talent_sportif.pdf
Reid, C., Stewart, E., & Thorne, G. (2004). Multidisciplinary sport science teams in elite sport: Comprehensive servicing or conflict and confusion? The Sport Psychologist, 18(2), 204–217. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/tsp/18/2/article-p204.xml
équivalent métabolique (MET) (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Herrmann, S. D., Meckes, N., Bassett, D. R., Tudor-Locke, C., Greer, J. L., Vezina, J., Whitt-Glover, M. C., & Leon, A. S. (2011). 2011 Compendium of physical activities: A second update of codes and MET values. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(8), 1575–1581. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821ece12
Jetté, M., Sidney, K., & Blümchen, G. (1990). Metabolic equivalents (METS) in exercise testing, exercise prescription, and evaluation of functional capacity. Clinical Cardiology, 13(8), 555–565. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960130809
Péronnet, F., & Massicotte, D. (1991). Table of nonprotein respiratory quotient: An update. Journal Canadien des Sciences du Sport [Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences], 16(1), 23–29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1645211/
état stable lactique maximal (ESLM) (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Beneke, R. (2003). Methodological aspects of maximal lactate steady state—implications for performance testing. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 89(1), 95–99. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-002-0783-1
Faude, O., Kindermann, W., & Meyer, T. (2009). Lactate threshold concepts: How valid are they? Sports Medicine, 39(6), 469–490. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939060-00003
Heck, H., & Wackerhage, H. (2024). The origin of the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 16(1), 36. https://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13102-024-00827-3
exercice intermittent (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Buchheit, M., & Laursen, P. B. (2013a). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: Cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine, 43(5), 313–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x
Buchheit, M., & Laursen, P. B. (2013b). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Part II: Anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications. Sports Medicine, 43(10), 927–954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0066-5
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
exercice isocinétique (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Ayala, F., De Ste Croix, M., Sainz de Baranda, P., & Santonja, F. (2014). Absolute reliability of isokinetic knee flexion and extension measurements adopting a prone position. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 34(3), 224–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.2012.01162.x
Dvir, Z. (dir.). (2025). Isokinetics: Muscle testing, interpretation and clinical applications. Routledge. https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=iLNcEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=xKDRK-XJto&sig=g2KSqumP0A6hxDzrKEpsrppiJds#v=onepage&q&f=false
exercice isotonique (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Enoka, R. M. (2025). Neuromechanics of human movement (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/neuromechanics-of-human-movement-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOopCF0_zJpMol3sLnzVVFNzhB_JLAIQIz1PzPhwliaCU65ZjMSIp#tab-description
Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I.-M., Nieman, D. C., & Swain, D. P. (2011). American College of Sports Medicine position stand – Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(7), 1334–1359. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
expérience optimale (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row. www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222216.1992.11969876
Jackson, S. A., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). Flow in sports: The keys to optimal experiences and performances. Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/flow-in-sports?srsltid=AfmBOooR5IX68KApJzs4_eBZY86P4DWCtLTSshPixuWoWVOuilBoTEfp
Swann, C., Keegan, R. J., Piggott, D., & Crust, L. (2012). A systematic review of the experience, occurrence, and controllability of flow states in elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(6), 807–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.006
fatigue centrale (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Enoka, R. M., & Duchateau, J. (2016). Translating fatigue to human performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(11), 2228–2238. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000929
Gandevia, S. C. (2001). Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiological Reviews, 81(4), 1725–1789. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725
Millet, G. Y., & Lepers, R. (2004). Alterations of neuromuscular function after prolonged running, cycling and skiing exercises. Sports Medicine, 34(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434020-00004
Taylor, J. L., Amann, M., Duchateau, J., Meeusen, R., & Rice, C. L. (2016). Neural contributions to muscle fatigue: From the brain to the muscle and back again. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(11), 2294–2306. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000923
Taylor, J. L., Todd, G., & Gandevia, S. C. (2006). Evidence for a supraspinal contribution to human muscle fatigue. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 33(4), 400–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440–1681.2006.04363.x
fatigue neuromusculaire (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Allen, D. G., Lamb, G. D., & Westerblad, H. (2008). Skeletal muscle fatigue: Cellular mechanisms. Physiological Reviews, 88(1), 287–332. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00015.2007
Bigland-Ritchie, B., & Woods, J. J. (1984). Changes in muscle contractile properties and neural control during human muscular fatigue. Muscle & Nerve, 7(9), 691–699. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.880070902
Enoka, R. M., & Duchateau, J. (2008). Muscle fatigue: What, why and how it influences muscle function. Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.139477
Gandevia, S. C. (2001). Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiological Reviews, 81(4), 1725–1789. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725
Millet, G. Y., & Lepers, R. (2004). Alterations of neuromuscular function after prolonged running, cycling and skiing exercises. Sports Medicine, 34(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434020-00004
fatigue périphérique (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Allen, D. G., Lamb, G. D., & Westerblad, H. (2008). Skeletal muscle fatigue: Cellular mechanisms. Physiological Reviews, 88(1), 287–332. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00015.2007
Enoka, R. M., & Duchateau, J. (2008). Muscle fatigue: What, why and how it influences muscle function. Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.139477
Fitts, R. H. (2016). The role of acidosis in fatigue: Pro perspective. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(11), 2335–2338. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001043
Gandevia, S. C. (2001). Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiological Reviews, 81(4), 1725–1789. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725
Millet, G. Y., & Lepers, R. (2004). Alterations of neuromuscular function after prolonged running, cycling and skiing exercises. Sports Medicine, 34(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434020-00004
Place, N., Yamada, T., Bruton, J. D., & Westerblad, H. (2010). Muscle fatigue: From observations in humans to underlying mechanisms studied in intact single muscle fibres. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1480-0
force mentale (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bédard-Thom, C., Guay, F., & Trottier, C. (2020). Mental toughness in sport: The Goal-Expectancy-Self-Control (GES) model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(6), 627–643. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10413200.2020.1808736
Bédard-Thom, C., Guay, F., & Trottier, C. (2022). Mental toughness in sport: Testing the goal-expectancy-self-control (GES) model among runners and cyclists using cross-sectional and experimental designs. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–24. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1612197X.2022.2161102
Gucciardi, D. F., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. J., & Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12079
Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21(2), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.21.2.243
force musculaire (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Folland, J. P., & Williams, A. G. (2007). The adaptations to strength training: Morphological and neurological contributions to increased strength. Sports Medicine, 37(2), 145–168. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737020-00004
Komi, P. V. (dir.). (2008). Strength and power in sport (2ᵉ éd.). Wiley. www.wiley.com/en-us/Strength+and+Power+in+Sport%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9781405140591
McGuigan, M. R. (2017). Developing power (2ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://us.humankinetics.com/products/developing-power-2nd-edition?srsltid=AfmBOoo_GCnhGkzHVIsTkASTqzTGz74uB1rvufqLPCxh-GBBUQ5DQaXo
Sale, D. G. (2008). Neural adaptation to strength training, Strength and Power in Sport (2ᵉ éd.). Wiley. www.wiley.com/en-us/Strength+and+Power+in+Sport%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9781405140591
Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., & Stone, M. H. (2016). The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 46(10), 1419–1449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0486-0
Zatsiorsky, V. M., & Kraemer, W. J. (2021). Science and practice of strength training (3ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/science-and-practice-of-strength-training-3rd-edition?srsltid=AfmBOor6Czl0hJkN4jLKReyADU4ZQKFOVMcqHtOs-v8SR_2mmGbJJt9B
formule de Karvonen (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Achten, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2003). Heart rate monitoring: Applications and limitations. Sports Medicine, 33(7), 517–538. https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200333070-00004
Borresen, J., & Lambert, M. I. (2008). Autonomic control of heart rate during and after exercise. Sports Medicine, 38(8), 633–646. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838080-00002
Karvonen, M. J., Kentala, E., & Mustala, O. (1957). The effects of training on heart rate. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 35, 307–315. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13470504/
Swain, D. P., & Leutholtz, B. C. (1997). Heart rate reserve is equivalent to %V̇O₂ reserve, not to %V̇O₂max. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29(3), 410–414. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199703000-00018
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
fréquence cardiaque cible d’entraînement (FCcible) (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Achten, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2003). Heart rate monitoring: Applications and limitations. Sports Medicine, 33(7), 517–538. https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200333070-00004
American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (11ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/acsm/guidelines-for-exercise-testing-and-prescription
Swain, D. P., & Leutholtz, B. C. (1997). Heart rate reserve is equivalent to %V̇O₂ reserve, not to %V̇O₂max. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29(3), 410–414. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199703000-00018
fréquence cardiaque de repos (FCR) (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (11ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/acsm/guidelines-for-exercise-testing-and-prescription
Buchheit, M. (2014). Monitoring training status with HR measures: Do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 73. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00073
Swain, D. P., & Leutholtz, B. C. (1997). Heart rate reserve is equivalent to %V̇O₂ reserve, not to %V̇O₂max. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29(3), 410–414. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199703000-00018
fréquence cardiaque de réserve (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (11ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/acsm/guidelines-for-exercise-testing-and-prescription
Buchheit, M. (2014). Monitoring training status with HR measures: Do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 73. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00073
Swain, D. P., & Franklin, B. A. (2002). V̇O₂ reserve and the minimal intensity for improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11782661/
Swain, D. P., & Leutholtz, B. C. (1997). Heart rate reserve is equivalent to %V̇O₂ reserve, not to %V̇O₂max. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29(3), 410–414. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199703000-00018
fréquence cardiaque maximale (FCmax) (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (11ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/acsm/guidelines-for-exercise-testing-and-prescription
Buchheit, M. (2014). Monitoring training status with HR measures: Do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 73. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00073
Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 37(1), 153–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(00)01054-8
glycogène hépatique (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., & Gatto, G. J. (2019). Biochemistry (9ᵉ éd.). W. H. Freeman. https://digrep.mchs.mw/handle/123456789/178
Fuchs, C., Gonzalez, J., Beelen, M., Cermak, N., Smith, F., Thelwall, P., Taylor, R., Trenell, M., Stevenson, E., & Van Loon, L. (2016). Sucrose ingestion after exhaustive exercise accelerates liver, but not muscle glycogen repletion compared with glucose ingestion in trained athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 120, 11, 1328–1334. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01023.2015
Gonzalez, J., & Betts, J. (2018). Dietary sugars, exercise and hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 78, 246–256. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665118002604
Gonzalez, J., Fuchs, C., Betts, J., & Van Loon, L. (2016). Liver glycogen metabolism during and after prolonged endurance-type exercise. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 311, 3, E543–53. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00232.2016
Jeukendrup, A., & Gleeson, M. (2019). Sport nutrition. Human Kinetics. https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=SMVlDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&ots=oKq5VvNEKB&sig=-PUSxnsFmugN6nhl7BhO4O37-yk#v=onepage&q&f=false
Murray, R. K., Bender, D. A., Botham, K. M., Kennelly, P. J., Rodwell, V. W., & Weil, P. A. (2023). Harper’s illustrated biochemistry (32ᵉ éd.). McGraw-Hill. www.mheducation.com/highered/mhp/product/harper-s-illustrated-biochemistry-thirty-second-edition.html
Thomas, D. T., Erdman, K. A., & Burke, L. M. (2016). Nutrition and athletic performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(3), 543–568. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000852
Wahren, J., & Ekberg, K. (2007). Splanchnic regulation of glucose production. Annual Review of Nutrition, 27, 329–45. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093806
glycogène musculaire (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Areta, J., & Hopkins, W. (2018). Skeletal muscle glycogen content at rest and during endurance exercise in humans: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 48, 2091–2102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0941-1
Hearris, M., Hammond, K., Fell, J., & Morton, J. (2018). Regulation of muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise: Implications for endurance performance and training adaptations. Nutrients, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030298
Hingst, J., Bruhn, L., Hansen, M., Rosschou, M., Birk, J., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Viollet, B., Sakamoto, K., Færgeman, N., Havelund, J., Parker, B., James, D., Kiens, B., Richter, E., Jensen, J., & Wojtaszewski, J. (2018). Exercise-induced molecular mechanisms promoting glycogen supercompensation in human skeletal muscle. Molecular Metabolism, 16, 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.001
Ivy, J. L. (1998). Glycogen resynthesis after exercise: Effect of carbohydrate intake. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(Suppl. 2), S142–S145. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971981
Ørtenblad, N., Westerblad, H., & Nielsen, J. (2013). Muscle glycogen stores and fatigue. The Journal of Physiology, 591. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2013.251629
Sandilands, R., & Marcotte-Chénard, A. (2024). Glycogen pools and utilization during exercise: Future implication on glucose regulation. The Journal of Physiology, 602. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp287294
Schytz, C., Ørtenblad, N., Gejl, K., & Nielsen, J. (2024). Differential utilisation of subcellular skeletal muscle glycogen pools: A comparative analysis between 1 and 15 min of maximal exercise. The Journal of Physiology, 602. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp285762
Vigh-Larsen, J., Ørtenblad, N., Spriet, L., Overgaard, K., & Mohr, M. (2021). Muscle glycogen metabolism and high-intensity exercise performance: A narrative review. Sports Medicine, 51, 1855–1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01475-0
glycolyse à haut débit (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Brooks, G. A. (2018). The science and translation of lactate shuttle theory. Cell Metabolism, 27(4), 757–785. www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(18)30186-4
Ferguson, B. S., Rogatzki, M. J., Goodwin, M. L., Kane, D. A., Rightmire, Z., & Gladden, L. B. (2018). Lactate metabolism: Historical context, prior misinterpretations, and current understanding. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(4), 691–728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3795-6
Robergs, R. A., Ghiasvand, F., & Parker, D. (2004). Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 287(3), R502–R516. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00114.2004
habileté motrice (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Variantes régionales : France/Belgique : habileté motrice; Suisse : parfois compétence motrice
Gentile, A. M. (1972). A working model of skill acquisition with application to teaching. Quest, 17(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1972.10519717
Magill, R. A., & Anderson, D. I. (2024). Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications. McGraw-Hill. www.mheducation.com/highered/product/motor-learning-and-control-concepts-and-applications-magill.html
Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2020). Motor learning and performance: From principles to application (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/motor-learning-and-performance-6th-edition-with-web-study-guide-loose-leaf-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorhsaoMXp1f4jASX6bXAWZLKn9IgsHe5gNxWuxJUt4UGL6PCW5B
hypertrophie musculaire (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B., & Mikulic, P. (2020). Effects of plyometric vs. resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy: A review. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10, 530–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.010
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Ackland, T. R., Lohman, T. G., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Maughan, R. J., Meyer, N. L., Stewart, A. D., & Müller, W. (2012). Current status of body composition assessment in sport: Review and position statement of the IOC Medical Commission Working Group. Sports Medicine, 42(3), 227–249. https://doi.org/10.2165/11597140-000000000-00000
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Ackland, T. R., Lohman, T. G., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Maughan, R. J., Meyer, N. L., Stewart, A. D., & Müller, W. (2012). Current status of body composition assessment in sport: Review and position statement of the IOC Medical Commission Working Group. Sports Medicine, 42(3), 227–249. https://doi.org/10.2165/11597140-000000000-00000
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Ackland, T. R., Lohman, T. G., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Maughan, R. J., Meyer, N. L., Stewart, A. D., & Müller, W. (2012). Current status of body composition assessment in sport: Review and position statement of the IOC Medical Commission Working Group. Sports Medicine, 42(3), 227–249. https://doi.org/10.2165/11597140-000000000-00000
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Briand, J., Tremblay, J., & Thibault, G. (2022). Can popular high-intensity interval training (HIIT) models lead to impossible training sessions? Sports, 10(1), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10010010
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Péronnet, F., & Thibault, G. (1989). Mathematical analysis of running performance and world running records. Journal of Applied Physiology, 67(1), 453–465. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.1.453
moment de force (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Symbole : τ
Enoka, R. M. (2025). Neuromechanics of human movement (6e éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/neuromechanics-of-human-movement-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOopCF0_zJpMol3sLnzVVFNzhB_JLAIQIz1PzPhwliaCU65ZjMSIp#tab-description
Hall, S. J. (2025). Basic biomechanics (9ᵉ éd.). McGraw-Hill Education www.mheducation.com/highered/product/Basic-Biomechanics-Hall.html
monitorage (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Variantes régionales : Les termes suivi, suivi de l’état d’entraînement, suivi de la charge d’entraînement, et suivi des performances sont d'usage courant au Québec pour désigner l'ensemble du processus. L'emploi du terme monitorage permet de distinguer spécifiquement l'étape de collecte de données de l'étape d'analyse et d'interprétation.
Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., Gabbett, T. J., Coutts, A. J., Burgess, D. J., Gregson, W., & Cable, N. T. (2017). Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(Suppl 2), S2161–S2170. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/12/s2/article-pS2-161.xml
Halson, S. L. (2014). Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Medicine, 44(Suppl. 2), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z
myotypologie (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Gollnick, P. D., & Saltin, B. (1982). Significance of skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme enhancement with endurance training. Clinical Physiology, 2(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.1982.tb00001.x
Schiaffino, S., & Reggiani, C. (2011). Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles. Physiological Reviews, 91(4), 1447–1531. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00031.2010
perception de l’effort (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Borg, E., & Kaijser, L. (2006). A comparison between three rating scales for perceived exertion and two different work tests. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 16(1), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00448.x
Goldstein, E. B. (dir.). (2010). Encyclopedia of perception. Sage. https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/perception/toc
Mangin, T., & Pageaux, B. (2025). Effort and its perception revisited: How physical-domain insights could lead toward a unified theory. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/64kpq_v2
Pageaux, B. (2016). Perception of effort in exercise science: Definition, measurement and perspectives. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(8), 885–894. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1188992
périodisation de l’entraînement (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6e éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/periodization-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorzJxAMKa9_mXXXc34QXH5b1dNg43FEMXjZoaEUDg3EzXRvCgcD
Issurin, V. B. (2016). Benefits and limitations of block periodized training approaches to athletes’ preparation: A review. Sports Medicine, 46(3), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0425-5
Matveyev, L. P. (1977). Fundamentals of sports training. Progress Publishers. https://openlibrary.org/books/OL13817722M/Fundamentals_of_sports_training.
Mujika, I. (2023). Endurance training – Science and practice. Inigo Mujika Publications. https://books.google.ca/books/about/Endurance_Training.html?id=8HqT0AEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Seiler, S., & Tønnessen, E. (2009). Intervals, thresholds, and long slow distance: The role of intensity and duration in endurance training. Sportscience, 13, 32–53. https://sportsci.org/2009/ss.htm
physiologie de l’exercice (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (11ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/acsm/guidelines-for-exercise-testing-and-prescription
Hargreaves, M., & Spriet, L. L. (2020). Exercise metabolism: Fuels for the fire. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 10(7), a037814. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a029744
Joyner, M. J., & Coyle, E. F. (2008). Endurance exercise performance: The physiology of champions. Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834
Kenney, W. L., Wilmore, J. H., & Costill, D. L. (2024). Physiology of sport and exercise (9ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/physiology-of-sport-and-exercise-9th-edition-with-hkpropel-access-loose-leaf-edition?srsltid=AfmBOoob1JCFIRirj5DCpk11RfPfG-t-u0ySo6pLziceGW8xmD2RVeqL
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2023). Exercise physiology: Nutrition, energy, and human performance (9ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. https://shop.lww.com/Exercise-Physiology/p/9781975217297
Powers, S. K., & Howley, E. T. (2023). Exercise physiology: Theory and application to fitness and performance (12ᵉ éd.). McGraw-Hill. www.mheducation.com/highered/product/exercise-physiology-theory-and-application-to-fitness-and-performance-powers.html
Wilmore, J. H., Costill, D. L., & Kenney, L. (2024). Physiologie du sport et de l’exercice (8ᵉ éd.). De Boeck Supérieur. www.deboecksuperieur.com/livre/9782807358102-physiologie-du-sport-et-de-l-exercice
physiologie du sport (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (11ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/acsm/guidelines-for-exercise-testing-and-prescription
Joyner, M. J., & Coyle, E. F. (2008). Endurance exercise performance: The physiology of champions. Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834
Wilmore, J. H., Costill, D. L., & Kenney, L. (2024). Physiologie du sport et de l’exercice (8ᵉ éd.). De Boeck Supérieur. www.deboecksuperieur.com/livre/9782807358102-physiologie-du-sport-et-de-l-exercice
Millet, G. P., & Schmitt, L. (2024). Physiologie du sport et de l’exercice. De Boeck Supérieur. www.deboecksuperieur.com/livre/9782807358102-physiologie-du-sport-et-de-l-exercice
plateforme de force (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Enoka, R. M. (2025). Neuromechanics of human movement (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/neuromechanics-of-human-movement-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOopCF0_zJpMol3sLnzVVFNzhB_JLAIQIz1PzPhwliaCU65ZjMSIp#tab-description
Johnson, W., Alderson, J., Lloyd, D., & Mian, A. (2019). Predicting athlete ground reaction forces and moments from spatio-temporal driven CNN models. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 66, 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2018.2854632
Psycharakis, S., & Miller, S. (2006). Estimation of errors in force platform data. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77, 514–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2006.10599386
Raymond, F., Lussier, B., Dugas, F., Charbonneau, M., Croteau, F., Kennedy, C., & Berryman, N. (2018). Using portable force plates to assess vertical jump performance: A metrological appraisal. Sports, 6(4), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040149
Walsh, M. S., Ford, K. R., Bangen, K. J., Myer, G. D., & Hewett, T. E. (2006). The validation of a portable force plate for measuring force-time data during jumping and landing tasks. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 730–734. https://doi.org/10.1519/r-18225.1
pliométrie (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bobbert, M. F. (1990). Drop jumping as a training method for jumping ability. Sports Medicine, 9(1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199009010-00002
Komi, P. V. (2000). Stretch-shortening cycle: A powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(10), 1197–1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00064-6
Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports Medicine, 40(10), 859–895. https://doi.org/10.2165/11318370-000000000-00000
Nicol, C., Avela, J., & Komi, P. V. (2006). The stretch-shortening cycle: A model to study naturally occurring neuromuscular fatigue. Sports Medicine, 36(11), 977–999. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636110-00004
Ramirez-Campillo, R., Moran, J., Chaabene, H., Granacher, U., & Izquierdo, M. (2018). Methodological characteristics and future directions for plyometric training research: A scoping review. Sports Medicine, 48(5), 1059–1081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0870-z
potentialisation post-activation (PPA) (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Blazevich, A. J., & Babault, N. (2019). Post-activation potentiation versus post-activation performance enhancement in humans: Historical perspective, underlying mechanisms, and current issues. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1359. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01359
Sale, D. G. (2002). Postactivation potentiation: Role in human performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 30(3), 138–143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12150573/
Seitz, L. B., & Haff, G. G. (2016). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump, sprint, throw, and upper-body ballistic performances: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(2), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0415-7
Tillin, N. A., & Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine, 39(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939020-00004
Wilson, J. M., Duncan, N. M., Marin, P. J., Brown, L. E., Loenneke, J. P., Wilson, S. M. C., … Haff, G. G. (2013). Meta-analysis of post-activation potentiation and power: Effects of conditioning activity, volume, gender, rest periods, and training status. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(3), 854–859. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825c2bdb
préconditionnement ischémique (PCI) (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Incognito, A. V., Burr, J. F., & Millar, P. J. (2016). The effects of ischemic preconditioning on human exercise performance. Sports Medicine, 46(4), 531–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0433-5
Paradis-Deschênes, P., Joanisse, D. R., & Billaut, F. (2016). Ischemic preconditioning increases muscle perfusion, oxygen uptake, and force in strength-trained athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(9), 938–944. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0561
Paradis-Deschênes, P., Joanisse, D. R., & Billaut, F. (2016). Sex-specific impact of ischemic preconditioning on tissue oxygenation and maximal concentric force. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 674. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00674
Paradis-Deschênes, P., Joanisse, D. R., & Billaut, F. (2018). Ischemic preconditioning improves time trial performance at moderate altitude. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50(3), 533–541. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001473
premier seuil ventilatoire (SV1) (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Faude, O., Kindermann, W., & Meyer, T. (2009). Lactate threshold concepts: How valid are they? Sports Medicine, 39(6), 469–490. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939060-00003
Keir, D. A., Fontana, F. Y., Robertson, T. C., Murias, J. M., Paterson, D. H., Kowalchuk, J. M., & Pogliaghi, S. (2015). Exercise intensity thresholds: Identifying the boundaries of sustainable performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(9), 1932–1940. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000613
Péronnet, F., & Aguilaniu, B. (2012). Ventilation pulmonaire et alvéolaire, échanges gazeux et gaz du sang à l’exercice en rampe. Revue des maladies respiratoires, 29(8), 1017–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2012.09.005
Péronnet, F., Thibault, G., Rhodes, E. C., & McKenzie, D. (1987). Correlation between ventilatory threshold and endurance capability in marathon runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 19(6), 610–615. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198712000-00012
Wilmore, J. H., Costill, D. L., & Kenney, L. (2024). Physiologie du sport et de l’exercice (8ᵉ éd.). De Boeck Supérieur. www.deboecksuperieur.com/livre/9782807358102-physiologie-du-sport-et-de-l-exercice
préparation mentale (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete’s performance in high‐intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188.x.
Guillén, F., & Feltz, D. L. (2011). A conceptual model of coach efficacy: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(3), 483–497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.765
Reinebo, G., Alfonsson, S., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Rozental, A., & Lundgren, T. (2023). Effects of Psychological Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.z.), 54, 347 – 373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01931-z.
préparation physique (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/periodization-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorzJxAMKa9_mXXXc34QXH5b1dNg43FEMXjZoaEUDg3EzXRvCgcD
Jeffreys, I., & Moody, J. (2021). Strength and conditioning for sports performance (2ᵉ éd.). Routledge. www.routledge.com/Strength-and-Conditioning-for-Sports-Performance/Jeffreys-Moody/p/book/9780367404635
Stone, M. H., Stone, M., & Sands, W. A. (2007). Principles and practice of resistance training. Human Kinetics. https://books.google.ca/books/about/Principles_and_Practice_of_Resistance_Tr.html?id=TAVtYOrT1G8C&redir_esc=y
Verkhoshansky, Y. V., & Siff, M. C. (2009). Supertraining (6ᵉ éd.). Ultimate Athlete Concepts. https://studylib.net/doc/27006378/supertraining
Wilmore, J. H., Costill, D. L., & Kenney, L. (2024). Physiologie du sport et de l’exercice (8ᵉ éd.). De Boeck Supérieur. www.deboecksuperieur.com/livre/9782807358102-physiologie-du-sport-et-de-l-exercice
Zatsiorsky, V. M., & Kraemer, W. J. (2021). Science and practice of strength training (3ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/science-and-practice-of-strength-training-3rd-edition?srsltid=AfmBOor6Czl0hJkN4jLKReyADU4ZQKFOVMcqHtOs-v8SR_2mmGbJJt9B
principe d’alternance (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/periodization-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorzJxAMKa9_mXXXc34QXH5b1dNg43FEMXjZoaEUDg3EzXRvCgcD
Issurin, V. B. (2010). New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training periodization. Sports Medicine, 40(3), 189–206. https://doi.org/10.2165/11319770-000000000-00000
Issurin, V. B. (2016). Benefits and limitations of block periodized training approaches to athletes’ preparation: A review. Sports Medicine, 46(3), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0425-5
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
Wilmore, J. H., Costill, D. L., & Kenney, L. (2024). Physiologie du sport et de l’exercice (8ᵉ éd.). De Boeck Supérieur. www.deboecksuperieur.com/livre/9782807358102-physiologie-du-sport-et-de-l-exercice
Zatsiorsky, V. M., & Kraemer, W. J. (2021). Science and practice of strength training (3ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/science-and-practice-of-strength-training-3rd-edition?srsltid=AfmBOor6Czl0hJkN4jLKReyADU4ZQKFOVMcqHtOs-v8SR_2mmGbJJt9B
principe d’amélioration régressive (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/periodization-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorzJxAMKa9_mXXXc34QXH5b1dNg43FEMXjZoaEUDg3EzXRvCgcD
Issurin, V. B. (2016). Benefits and limitations of block periodized training approaches to athletes’ preparation: A review. Sports Medicine, 46(3), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0425-5
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
principe d’entraînement (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6e éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/periodization-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorzJxAMKa9_mXXXc34QXH5b1dNg43FEMXjZoaEUDg3EzXRvCgcD
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
principe d’individualisation (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bouchard, C., & Rankinen, T. (2001). Individual differences in response to regular physical activity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(6 Suppl), S446–S451. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11427769/
Joyner, M. J., & Lundby, C. (2018). Concepts about V̇O₂max and trainability are context dependent. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 46(3), 138–143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29912036/
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
principe de périodicité (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/periodization-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorzJxAMKa9_mXXXc34QXH5b1dNg43FEMXjZoaEUDg3EzXRvCgcD
Issurin, V. B. (2016). Benefits and limitations of block periodized training approaches to athletes’ preparation: A review. Sports Medicine, 46(3), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0425-5
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
principe de réversibilité (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2000). Detraining: Loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I. Sports Medicine, 30(2), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030020-00002
Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2000). Detraining: Loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part II: Long term insufficient training stimulus. Sports Medicine, 30(3), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030030-00001
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
principe de spécificité (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Behm, D. G., & Sale, D. G. (1993). Velocity specificity of resistance training. Sports Medicine, 15(6), 374–388. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199315060-00003
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/periodization-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorzJxAMKa9_mXXXc34QXH5b1dNg43FEMXjZoaEUDg3EzXRvCgcD
Gibala, M. J., Little, J. P., van Essen, M., Wilkin, G. P., Burgomaster, K. A., Safdar, A., Raha, S., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2006). Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: Similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. Journal of Physiology, 575(3), 901–911. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112094
Kellmann, M., & Beckmann, J. (2018). Recovery and well-being in sport and exercise. Routledge. www.routledge.com/Recovery-and-Well-being-in-Sport-and-Exercise/Kellmann-Beckmann/p/book/9781032191553
Paquette, M., Le Blanc, O., Lucas, S. J. E., Thibault, G., Bailey, D. M., & Brassard, P. (2017). Effects of submaximal and supramaximal interval training on determinants of endurance performance in endurance athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(3), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12660
Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., & Stone, M. H. (2016). The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 46(10), 1419–1449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0486-0
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
Zatsiorsky, V. M., & Kraemer, W. J. (2021). Science and practice of strength training (3ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/science-and-practice-of-strength-training-3rd-edition?srsltid=AfmBOor6Czl0hJkN4jLKReyADU4ZQKFOVMcqHtOs-v8SR_2mmGbJJt9B
principe de surcharge progressive (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
American College of Sports Medicine. (2009). Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(3), 687–708. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670
American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (11ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/acsm/guidelines-for-exercise-testing-and-prescription
Jeffreys, I., & Moody, J. (2021). Strength and conditioning for sports performance (2ᵉ éd.). Routledge. www.routledge.com/Strength-and-Conditioning-for-Sports-Performance/Jeffreys-Moody/p/book/9780367404635
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
Zatsiorsky, V. M., & Kraemer, W. J. (2021). Science and practice of strength training (3ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/science-and-practice-of-strength-training-3rd-edition?srsltid=AfmBOor6Czl0hJkN4jLKReyADU4ZQKFOVMcqHtOs-v8SR_2mmGbJJt9B
principe de surcompensation (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
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Variantes régionales : Belgique, France, Suisse et plusieurs autres pays de la Francophonie : puissance maximale aérobie (PMA); Québec : puissance aérobie maximale (PAM)
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puissance musculaire (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
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Myer, G. D., Jayanthi, N., Difiori, J. P., Faigenbaum, A. D., Kiefer, A. W., Logerstedt, D., & Micheli, L. J. (2015). Sports specialization, part I: Does early sports specialization increase negative outcomes and reduce the opportunity for success in young athletes? Sports Health, 7(5), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738115598747
Thibault, G., & Cléroult, M. (2019). Développement, de la découverte au sport de haut niveau. Dans R. Roult, D. Auger, & M.-A. Lavigne (dir.), Sport et société : Perspectives conceptuelles et enjeux d’action aux échelles québécoise, canadienne et internationale (pp. 133–143). Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. www.grande-librairie.com/produit/sport-et-socit-perspectives-conceptuelles-et-enjeux-daction/
sport de haut niveau (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Andersen, S. S., Houlihan, B., & Ronglan, L. T. (2015). Managing elite sport systems: Research and practice. Routledge. www.routledge.com/Managing-Elite-Sport-Systems-Research-and-Practice/Andersen-Ronglan-Houlihan/p/book/9781138633575
De Bosscher, V., Shibli, S., Westerbeek, H., & van Bottenburg, M. (2015). Successful elite sport policies: An international comparison of the sports policy factors leading to international sporting success (SPLISS 2.0). Meyer & Meyer Sport. https://books.google.ca/books/about/Successful_Elite_Sport_Policies.html?id=1TZ3CgAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
Durand-Bush, N., & Salmela, J. H. (2002). The development and maintenance of expert athletic performance: Perceptions of world and Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 154–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103473
Gouvernements fédéral, provinciaux et territoriaux du Canada. (2025). Politique canadienne du sport 2025-2035. Secrétariat du sport canadien. https://ttcanada.ca/canadian-sport-policy-2025-2035-a-shared-vision-for-sport-in-canada/?lang=fr
stratégie (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Buekers, M., Montagne, G., & Ibáñez-Gijón, J. (2020). Stratégie et tactique en sport vus sous l’angle des approches écologique et dynamique : que peuvent en retirer les entraîneurs et les joueurs ? Movement & Sport Sciences-Science & Motricité, 108(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1051/sm/2019026
Gréhaigne, J.-F., Godbout, P., & Bouthier, D. (1999). The foundations of tactics and strategy in team sports. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 18(2), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.18.2.159
Gréhaigne, J.-F., Godbout, P., & Bouthier, D. (2001). The teaching and learning of decision making in team sports. Quest, 53(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2001.10491730
Martens, R. (2012). Successful coaching (4ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/successful-coaching-4th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOorMpTOePBCR9b07D4fEX6Smy5m8nZnYbRvKhKPVm9Qo9iNeZKTs
McGarry, T., O’Donoghue, P., & Sampaio, J. (dir.). (2013). Routledge Handbook of Sports Performance Analysis. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203806913
substrat énergétique (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Alghannam, A., Ghaith, M., & Alhussain, M. (2021). Regulation of energy substrate metabolism in endurance exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094963
Close, G., Hamilton, D., Philp, A., Burke, L., & Morton, J. (2016). New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 98, 144–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.016
Hargreaves, M., & Spriet, L. (2018). Exercise metabolism: Fuels for the fire. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 8, 8. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a029744
Hargreaves, M., & Spriet, L. (2020). Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise. Nature Metabolism, 2, 817–828. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-0251-4
Mata, F., Valenzuela, P., Gimenez, J., Tur, C., Ferreria, D., Domínguez, R., Sánchez-Oliver, A., & Sanz, J. (2019). Carbohydrate availability and physical performance: Physiological overview and practical recommendations. Nutrients, 11(5), 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051084
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2023). Exercise physiology: Nutrition, energy, and human performance (9ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. https://shop.lww.com/Exercise-Physiology/p/9781975217297
Melanson, E. L., MacLean, P. S., & Hill, J. O. (2009). Exercise improves fat metabolism in muscle but does not increase 24-h fat oxidation. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 37(2), 93–101. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2885974/
Ormsbee, M., Bach, C., & Baur, D. (2014). Pre-exercise nutrition: The role of macronutrients, modified starches and supplements on metabolism and endurance performance. Nutrients, 6, 1782–1808. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6051782
Spriet, L. (2014). New insights into the interaction of carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.-Z.), 44, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0154-1
suivi de l’état d’entraînement (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., Gabbett, T. J., Coutts, A. J., Burgess, D. J., Gregson, W., & Cable, N. T. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: Consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(Suppl 2), S2161–S2170. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/12/s2/article-pS2-161.xml
Halson, S. L. (2014). Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Medicine, 44(Suppl. 2), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z
suivi de la charge d’entraînement (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., Gabbett, T. J., Coutts, A. J., Burgess, D. J., Gregson, W., & Cable, N. T. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: Consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(Suppl 2), S2161–S2170. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/12/s2/article-pS2-161.xml
Impellizzeri, F. M., et al. (2019). Internal and external training load: 15 years on. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(2), 270–273. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0935
suivi des performances (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., Gabbett, T. J., Coutts, A. J., Burgess, D. J., Gregson, W., & Cable, N. T. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: Consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(Suppl 2), S2161–S2170. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/12/s2/article-pS2-161.xml
Coutts, A. J., Wallace, L. K., & Slattery, K. M. (2007). Monitoring changes in performance, physiology, biochemistry, and psychology during overreaching and recovery in triathletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(02), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924146
Halson, S. L. (2014). Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Medicine, 44(Suppl. 2), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z
supplément nutritionnel pour sportif (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Variantes régionales : France et Belgique et d’autres pays de la Francophonie : complément alimentaire; Québec : supplément alimentaire
Maughan, R. J., Burke, L. M., Dvorak, J., Larson-Meyer, D. E., Peeling, P., Phillips, S. M., Rawson, E. S., Walsh, N. P., Garthe, I., Geyer, H., Meeusen, R., van Loon, L. J. C., Shirreffs, S. M., Spriet, L. L., Stuart, M., Vernec, A., Currell, K., Ali, V. M., Budgett, R. G. M., Ljungqvist, A., Mountjoy, M., Pitsiladis, Y. P., Soligard, T., Erdener, U., & Engebretsen, L. (2018). IOC consensus statement: Dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(7), 439–455. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2022). Dietary supplements. www.fda.gov/food/dietary-supplements
surentraînement (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Budgett, R. (1998). Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: The overtraining syndrome. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(2), 107–110. https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC1756078&blobtype=pdf
Kellmann, M. (2010). Preventing overtraining in athletes in high-intensity sports and stress/recovery monitoring. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(S2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01192.x
Kreher, J. B., & Schwartz, J. B. (2012). Overtraining syndrome: A practical guide. Sports Health, 4(2), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738111434406
syndrome de surentraînement (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Budgett, R. (1998). Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: The overtraining syndrome. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(2), 107–110. https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC1756078&blobtype=pdf
Kreher, J. B., & Schwartz, J. B. (2012). Overtraining syndrome: A practical guide. Sports Health, 4(2), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738111434406
Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C., Fry, A., Gleeson, M., Nieman, D., … European College of Sport Science. (2013). Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.730061
tactique (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Godbout, P., & Gréhaigne, J.-F. (2022). Making sense of decision making in invasion team sports – A teaching/learning perspective in physical education, Athens Journal of Sports, 9(2), 59–78. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.9-2-1
Gréhaigne, J.-F., Bouthier, D., & David, B. (1997). Dynamic systems analysis of opposition games. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(2), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404197367416
Gréhaigne, J.-F., & Godbout, P. (2014). Dynamic systems theory and team sport coaching. Quest, 66(1), 96–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2013.814577
Gréhaigne, J.-F., Godbout, P., & Bouthier, D. (1999). The foundations of tactics and strategy in team sports. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 18(2), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.18.2.159
Memmert, D., & Perl, J. (2009). Game creativity analysis using neural networks. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(2), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802442007
temps de contact au sol (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Morin, J.-B., & Samozino, P. (2016). Interpreting power-force-velocity profiles for individualized and specific training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(2), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638
Paavolainen, L. M., et al. (1999). Explosive-strength training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscle power. Journal of Applied Physiology, 86(5), 1527–1533. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.5.1527
test de terrain (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bangsbo, J., Iaia, F. M., & Krustrup, P. (2008). The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test: A useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Medicine, 38(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838010-00004
Buchheit, M. (2008). The 30-15 intermittent fitness test: Accuracy for individualizing interval training of young intermittent sport players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181635b2e
Currell, K., & Jeukendrup, A. (2008). Validity, reliability and sensitivity of measures of sporting performance. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.-Z.), 38(4), 297–316. https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200838040-00003
test physiologique d’effort (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Howley, E. T., Bassett, D. R., & Welch, H. G. (1995). Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: Review and commentary. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 27(9), 1292–1301. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009
Midgley, A. W., Mc Naughton, L. R., & Carroll, S. (2007). Physiological determinants of time to exhaustion during intermittent high-intensity running. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47(4), 347–357. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924336
Wasserman, K., Hansen, J. E., Sue, D. Y., Stringer, W. W., & Whipp, B. J. (2012). Principles of exercise testing and interpretation (5e éd.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2740009
thermorégulation (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Gagnon, D., & Kenny, G. P. (2012). Does sex have an independent effect on thermoeffector responses during exercise in the heat? Journal of Physiology, 590(23), 5963–5973. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.240739
González-Alonso, J. (2012). Human thermoregulation and the cardiovascular system. Experimental Physiology, 97(3), 340–346. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2011.058701
Nybo, L., & Nielsen, B. (2001). Hyperthermia and central fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 91(3), 1055–1060. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.3.1055
Tetzlaff, E. J., Hancock, C., Waddell, L., Gagnon, S. S., Mäkelä, K. A., Karhu, T., Peltonen, J. E., Herzig, K.-H., & Gagnon, D. D. (2026). Cold exposure and human metabolism: A heterogeneous response across tissues and organs. Temperature, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2025.2599582
tissu adipeux (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Esparza-Ros, F., & Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. (2025). Anthropometry: Fundamentals of application and interpretation. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77535-2
Lafontan, M., & Langin, D. (2009). Lipolysis and lipid mobilization in human adipose tissue. Progress in Lipid Research, 48(5), 275–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2009.05.001
Rosen, E. D., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2014). What we talk about when we talk about fat. Cell, 156(1-2), 20–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.012
Scheja, L., & Heeren, J. (2019). The endocrine function of adipose tissues in health and cardiometabolic disease. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(9), 507–524. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0230-6
triade de l’athlète féminine (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Bieuzen, F., Bourgeois, A., Morin, F., Thibault, G., & Valevicius, A. (2024). Physiologie du sport au féminin [Brochure]. Institut national du sport du Québec; Égale Action. www.insquebec.org/communiques/nouvelle-brochure-sur-la-physiologie-du-sport-au-feminin/
De Souza, M. J., Nattiv, A., Joy, E., Misra, M., Williams, N. I., Mallinson, R. J., Gibbs, J. C., Olmsted, M., Goolsby, M., & Matheson, G. (2014). 2014 Female athlete triad coalition consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(4), 289. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-093218
Mountjoy, M., Sundgot-Borgen, J. K., Burke, L. M., Ackerman, K. E., Blauwet, C., Constantini, N., Lebrun, C., Lundy, B., Melin, A. K., Meyer, N. L., Sherman, R. T., Tenforde, A. S., Torstveit, M. K., & Budgett, R. (2018). IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(11), 687–697. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099193
Nattiv, A., Loucks, A. B., Manore, M. M., Sanborn, C. F., Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Warren, M. P. (2007). American College of Sports Medicine position stand: The female athlete triad. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(10), 1867–1882. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318149f111
unité motrice (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Enoka, R. M. (2025). Neuromechanics of human movement (6ᵉ éd.). Human Kinetics. https://canada.humankinetics.com/products/neuromechanics-of-human-movement-6th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOopCF0_zJpMol3sLnzVVFNzhB_JLAIQIz1PzPhwliaCU65ZjMSIp#tab-description
Enoka, R. M., & Duchateau, J. (2017). Rate coding and the control of muscle force. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 7(10), a029702. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a029702
Heckman, C. J., & Enoka, R. M. (2012). Motor unit. Comprehensive Physiology, 2(4), 2629–2682. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c100087
variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque (VFC) (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Stanley, J., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M. (2013). Training adaptation and heart rate variability in elite endurance athletes: Opening the door to effective monitoring. Sports Medicine, 43(9), 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0071-8
Shaffer, F., & Ginsberg, J. P. (2017). An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Frontiers in Public Health, 5, 258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258
Stanley, J., Peake, J. M., & Buchheit, M. (2013). Cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following exercise: Implications for training prescription. Sports Medicine, 43(12), 1259–1277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0083-4
Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. (1996). Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation, 93(5), 1043–1065. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043
ventilation pulmonaire (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Levitzky, M. G. (2013). Pulmonary physiology (8e éd.). McGraw-Hill. www.mheducation.com/highered/mhp/product/pulmonary-physiology-eighth-edition.html
Powers, S. K., & Howley, E. T. (2023). Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance (12ᵉ éd.). McGraw-Hill. www.mheducation.com/highered/product/exercise-physiology-theory-and-application-to-fitness-and-performance-powers.html
Wasserman, K., Hansen, J. E., Sue, D. Y., Stringer, W. W., & Whipp, B. J. (2012). Principles of exercise testing and interpretation (5e éd.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2740009
West, J. B. (2020). Respiratory physiology: The essentials (10e éd.). Wolters Kluwer. https://shop.lww.com/West-s-Respiratory-Physiology/p/9781975139186?srsltid=AfmBOopMhg8cfNXm8B2FYCD7rwWmIHDAcusaPk2VVZjlkm2YsNKHJ5Gu
visualisation (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Variantes régionales : Québec : visualisation; France : imagerie mentale
Cumming, J., & Williams, S. E. (2012). The role of imagery in performance. The Oxford handbook of sport and performance psychology, 213. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=BVsALG2k-uoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA213&dq=Cumming,+J.,+%26+Williams,+S.+E.+(2012).+The+role+of+imagery+in+performance.+In+S.+Murphy+(Ed.),+The+Oxford+handbook+of+sport+and+performance+psychology+(pp.+213%E2%80%93232).+Oxford+University+Press.&ots=uz69jx_LgR&sig=h8_mToUmG55sDENTKybmp8UgEUs#v=onepage&q&f=false
Guillot, A., & Collet, C. (2008). Construction of the motor imagery integrative model in sport: A review and theoretical investigation of motor imagery use. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840701823139
Joseph-Jacques, V., Seux, R., Dominique, L., Hatchi, V., & Robin, N. (2026). Improving penalty shoot-out performance in skilled youth soccer players: An imagery modality-based approach. JSAMS Plus, 7, 100125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsampl.2025.100125
vitesse aérobie maximale (VAM) (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Variantes régionales : Belgique, France, Suisse et d’autres pays de la Francophonie : vitesse maximale aérobie (VMA); Québec : vitesse aérobie maximale (VAM)
Léger, L., & Boucher, R. (1980). An indirect continuous running multistage field test: The Université de Montréal Track Test. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 5(2), 77–84. https://europepmc.org/article/med/7389053
Léger, L., & Mercier, D. (1984). Gross energy cost of horizontal treadmill and track running. Sports Medicine, 1(4), 270–277. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198401040-00003
Wilmore, J. H., Costill, D. L., & Kenney, L. (2024). Physiologie du sport et de l’exercice (8ᵉ éd.). De Boeck Supérieur. www.deboecksuperieur.com/livre/9782807358102-physiologie-du-sport-et-de-l-exercice
volume d’éjection systolique (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Dausin, C., Ruiz-Carmona, S., Cauwenberghs, N., De Bosscher, R., Ntalianis, E., Kuznetsova, T., Foulkes, S., Janssens, K., Mitchell, A., Vanderschueren, W., Ghekiere, O., Bogaert, J., Van De Heyning, C. M., Herbots, L., Heidbuchel, H., Willems, R., La Gerche, A., & Claessen, G. (2026). Cardiovascular adaptation to training load in endurance athletes: A longitudinal study. European Heart Journal, ehaf1018. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf1018
Fagard, R. H. (2003). Athlete’s heart. Heart, 89(12), 1455–1461. https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.89.12.1455
Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2020). Textbook of medical physiology (14ᵉ éd.). Elsevier. https://shop.elsevier.com/books/guyton-and-hall-textbook-of-medical-physiology/hall/978-0-323-59712-8
volume d’entraînement (n. m.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
Impellizzeri, F. M., & Marcora, S. M. (2009). Test validation in sport physiology: Lessons learned from clinimetrics. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4(2), 269–277. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.2.269
Impellizzeri, F. M., Marcora, S. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2019). Internal and external training load: 15 years on. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(2), 270–273. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0935
Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: Progression and exercise prescription. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(4), 674–688. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000121945.36635.61
zone d’intensité d’entraînement (n. f.) Lien copié dans le presse-papiers
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2023). Exercise physiology: Nutrition, energy, and human performance (9ᵉ éd.). Wolters Kluwer. https://shop.lww.com/Exercise-Physiology/p/9781975217297
Storoschuk, K. L., Moran-MacDonald, A., Gibala, M. J., & Gurd, B. J. (2025). Much ado about Zone 2: A narrative review assessing the efficacy of Zone 2 training for improving mitochondrial capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness in the general population. Sports Medicine, 55(7), 1611–1624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02261-y
Thibault, G. (2009). Entraînement cardio : Sports d’endurance et performance. Vélo Québec. www.velo.qc.ca/magazine/livres-guides-et-cartes/entrainement-cardio/
Winter, E. M., Jones, A. M., Davison, R. C. R., Bromley, P. D., & Mercer, T. H. (dir.). (2022). Sport and exercise physiology testing guidelines: Volume I – Sport testing. Routledge. www.routledge.com/Sport-and-Exercise-Physiology-Testing-Guidelines-Volume-I—Sport-Testing-The-British-Association-of-Sport-and-Exercise-Sciences-Guide/Davison-Smith-Hopker-Price-Hettinga-Tew-Bottoms/p/book/9780367491338
Annexe - sigles et abréviations courantes
ACWR
Sigle anglais (Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio). Terme développé en français : ratio de charge aiguë / charge chronique, RCAC
BMD
Sigle anglais (Bone Mineral Density). Également désigné par le sigle français : DMO (densité minérale osseuse).
BMI
Sigle anglais (Body Mass Index). Également désigné par le sigle français : IMC (indice de masse corporelle).
CER
Sigle français privilégié (cycle étirement-raccourcissement). Également désigné par le sigle anglais : SSC (Stretch-Shortening Cycle).
CMJ
Sigle anglais (Countermovement Jump). Terme développé en français : saut avec contre-mouvement.
CP
Sigle français privilégié (créatine phosphate). Également désigné par le sigle scientifique international : PCr (phosphocreatine).
DMO
Sigle français privilégié (densité minérale osseuse). Également désigné par le sigle anglais : BMD (Bone Mineral Density).
DOMS
Sigle anglais (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness). Terme développé en français : courbatures musculaires d’apparition retardée.
EPI
Sigle français privilégié (entraînement par intervalles). Également désigné par le sigle anglais : HIIT (ou HIT) (High-Intensity Interval Training).
EPOC
Sigle anglais (Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption). Terme développé en français : consommation excessive d’oxygène post-exercice.
ESLM
Sigle français privilégié (état stable lactique maximal). Également désigné par le sigle anglais : MLSS (Maximal Lactate Steady State).
FC
Sigle français privilégié (fréquence cardiaque). Également désigné par le sigle anglais : HR (Heart Rate).
FTP
Sigle anglais (Functional Threshold Power). Terme développé en français : puissance au seuil fonctionnel.
GNSS
Sigle anglais (Global Navigation Satellite System). Terme développé en français : système mondial de navigation par satellite.
HIIT (ou HIT)
Sigle anglais (High-Intensity Interval Training). Également désigné par le sigle français : EPI (entraînement par intervalles).
HRV
Sigle anglais (Heart Rate Variability). Également désigné par le sigle français : VFC (variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque).
IMC
Sigle français privilégié (indice de masse corporelle). Également désigné par le sigle anglais : BMI (Body Mass Index).
IMU
Sigle anglais (Inertial Measurement Unit). Terme développé en français : centrale inertielle.
LT1 / LT2
Sigles anglais (Lactate Threshold 1 / 2). Également désignés par les sigles français : SL1 et SL2 (seuils lactiques 1 et 2).
MLSS
Sigle anglais (Maximal Lactate Steady State). Également désigné par le sigle français : ESLM (état stable lactique maximal).
PCr
Sigle scientifique d’usage international (phosphocreatine). Également désigné par le sigle français : CP (créatine phosphate).
REDs
Sigle anglais (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport). Terme développé en français : déficit énergétique relatif dans le sport.
RER
Sigle anglais (Respiratory Exchange Rate) et français (quotient d’échange respiratoire). Terme développé en français : quotient d’échange respiratoire
RFD
Sigle anglais (Rate of Force Development). Terme développé en français : taux de développement de la force.
ROM
Sigle anglais (Range of Motion). Terme développé en français : amplitude de mouvement.
RPE
Sigle anglais (Rating of Perceived Exertion). Terme développé en français : perception de l’effort.
SJ
Sigle anglais (Squat Jump). Terme développé en français : saut départ arrêté.
SL1 / SL2
Sigles français privilégiés (premier et deuxième seuils lactiques). Également désignés par les sigles anglais : LT1 et LT2 (Lactate Threshold 1 / 2).
SSC
Sigle anglais (Stretch-Shortening Cycle). Également désigné par le sigle français : CER (cycle étirement-raccourcissement).
SV1 et SV2
Sigles français privilégiés (premier et deuxième seuils ventilatoires). Également désignés par les sigles anglais : VT1 / VT2 (Ventilatory Threshold 1 / 2).
TRIMP
Sigle anglais (TRaining IMPulse). Terme développé en français : impulsion d’entraînement.
TSS
Sigle anglais (Training Stress Score). Terme développé en français : score de charge d’entraînement.
VFC
Sigle français privilégié (variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque). Également désigné par le sigle anglais : HRV (Heart Rate Variability).
VT1 / VT2
Sigles anglais (Ventilatory Threshold 1 / 2). Également désignés par les sigles français : SV1 et SV2 (seuil ventilatoire 1 et 2).